In addition, the supplement reduced the risk of cataracts by 9% but did not help prevent AMD [41]. Some experts have hypothesized that MVM use might reduce cancer risk or improve cancer outcomes, possibly because certain nutrients in MVMs might inhibit carcinogenesis or tumor progression. The trials included 141,849 pregnant people from low- or middle-income countries in Africa and Asia as well as in Mexico (where malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are not uncommon); only one of the studies was conducted in a high-income country, the United Kingdom. However, MVM users had excessive intakes of several nutrients; 1015% had excessive intakes of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, and 4861% had excessive intakes of niacin. Dark stools. The results showed no significant associations between MV or MVM use and risk of major CVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD death. Dietary supplements are commonly taken during pregnancy to increase nutrient intakes, especially of key nutrients, such as iron and folic acid. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2022;1-12. Some experts have hypothesized that MVM use might increase the chance of a healthy birth outcome. Observational studies Foods provide more than vitamins and minerals. Pregnant and breastfeeding people, adult women, non-Hispanic Blacks, people of low socioeconomic status, and individuals who are underweight or overweight are among the groups with the greatest risk of deficient intakes of one or more nutrients [9]. Inflammation is a response of a tissue to some injury that includes . 1. Adv Nutr 2020;11:753-9. Vitamin C is responsible for synthesizing collagen and is necessary for proper wound healing.6 Vitamin C is also secreted in breast milk thus, a higher dietary intake is recommended for lactating women to make up for this loss. J Nutr 2015;572-8. Duplication is encouraged. The SU.VI.MAX study: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the health effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Shelf Life/Expiry: 1.5 Years or 18 months from the date of manufacturing. about your interest in, questions about, or use of dietary supplements and what may be best for your overall health. cofactors and coenzymes) in biological processes. [, Paranjpe MD, Chin AC, Paranjpe I, Reid NJ, Duy PQ, Wang JK, et al. Check Price on Chewy. Both observational studies and clinical trials have examined this possibility. Whether studies find any benefits (or risks) of MVMs depends in large part on the combinations and amounts of nutrients in the MVMs used, and these studies' results are not generalizable to the enormous variety of MVMs available in the marketplace. For a reader-friendly overview of Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, see our consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. The FNB notes that RDAs and AIs for nutrients are levels of intake to ingest, on average, each day from the diet [6]. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150-5. The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends against taking dietary supplements for cancer prevention because supplements do not provide the same benefits as eating whole foods [51]. This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Pregnancy and birth outcomes Multivitamins are supplements that contain many different vitamins and minerals, sometimes alongside other ingredients ().Given that there's no standard for what constitutes a multivitamin . Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Micronutrient supplementation. RCTs Health care providers determine the dose of this medication for a given patient in part by assessing the amount of vitamin K that the patient routinely consumes. Overall, MVM supplementation was not associated with better cardiovascular outcomes, including lower risk of mortality from CVD and coronary heart disease, or of stroke incidence and mortality. Marra MV, Bailey RL. Vit. Secondary metabolites. 2007;1:42-55. History of changes to this fact sheet, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements, Multivitamin/mineral Supplements - Health Professional, My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record, Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM), NIH Consortium for Advancing Research on Botanical and Other Natural Products (CARBON) Program, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS) Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ODS Funding of Grants & Administrative Supplements: FAQ, Administrative Supplements for Validation Studies of Analytical Methods, Staff Bios, Publications, and Presentations, Federal Working Group on Dietary Supplements, NIH Dietary Supplement Research Coordinating Committee, consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Prevention of Chronic Disease, Dietary supplement use among adults: United States, 2017-2018, How to prevent cancer: 10 recommendations, Multivitamins do not promote cardiovascular health, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. [, Bailey RL, Pac SG, Fulgoni III VL, Reidy KC, Catalano PM. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin and a microcytic, hypochromic anemia. J Nutr 2016;146:1235-40. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Self-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: A cross-sectional study. Taking an MVM increases nutrient intakes and helps people obtain recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals when they do not meet these needs from food alone [9,12]. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010. People take MVMs for various reasons. Dietary supplement use in children and adolescents aged <19 yearsUnited States, 2017-2018. Vitamin D production in the skin under the influence of sunlight (UVB) is maximized at levels of sunlight exposure that do not burn the skin. Examples of these populations are described below: People who could become pregnant MVM supplementation resulted in 13% lower odds of low birth weight, 12% lower odds of preterm birth, and 14% lower odds of small size for gestational age than iron and folic acid supplementation alone. Vitamins and minerals can cause toxicity if consumed in large amounts. Studies that have examined associations of MVMs with CVD risk include the Physicians Health Study I. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: multivitamin/mineral supplements and chronic disease prevention. Among the 69.8% who took a dietary supplement (most likely a prenatal MVM supplement), the risk of inadequate intakes of many nutrients was lower. Mishra S, Stierman B, Gahche JJ, Potischman N. Stierman B, Mishra S, Gahche JJ, Potischman N, Hales CM. Nutrients 2018, 10, 248. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. NCCIH has provided this material for your information. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. Each of the product's ingredients works to enhance your health and well-being. Varying definitions of MVMs and the ability of manufacturers to change the composition of their products at will further complicate the study of MVMs' potential health impacts because different studies do not use products of similar composition. However, supplement use increased the proportion of pregnant people with some intakes of iron (27.9%) and folic acid (33.4%) above the UL. Yet, iron supplements are a leading cause of poisoning in young children, so parents and guardians should keep iron-containing supplements out of the reach ofchildren. Check Price on Amazon. Participants completed standardized cognitive tests administered over the telephone at baseline and annually for 3 years. Most studies of the potential value of MVMs to enhance health and prevent disease have been observational and compared individuals who chose to take MVM supplements with others who did not take supplements. Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions. Pregnancy vitamin with Omega-3 for baby's brain development. In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), investigators randomized 4,757 individuals aged 5580 years who had varying degrees of AMD, cataract, or both conditions to receive a placebo or a daily supplement containing high doses of vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), beta-carotene (15 mg), zinc (80 mg), and copper (2 mg) [30,31]. Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble substances that are structurally related to and possess the biological activity of the parent substance of the group called all-trans retinol or retinol.Vitamin A plays vital roles in vision, epithelial differentiation, growth, reproduction, pattern formation during . The DGA adds that infants fed human milk might also require a vitamin B12 supplement if the mother's vitamin B12 status is inadequate, which might occur, for example, if she follows a vegan diet [54]. Do not take more . There are 13 vitamins in total - 8 of these come from the B-group of vitamins. Simply stated, dietary supplements arent required to be standardized in the United States. The trials included a total of 15,283 pregnant adolescents and young adults from low- or middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. This study included 4,203 participants aged 5085 years who had intermediate AMD in both eyes or intermediate AMD in one eye and advanced AMD in the other eye. Evidence on the link between MVM use and cancer risk includes a meta-analysis of eight cohort and case-control studies published before August 2010 that evaluated the association between consumption of MVs and MVMs and breast cancer risk [20]. For example, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in an evidence-based review of the role of MVMs in chronic disease prevention, defined MVMs as products containing at least three vitamins and minerals in amounts below the UL but no herbs, hormones, or drugs [7].
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