content theories include all of the following theories except: content theories include all of the following theories except:

Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. A disaster may be domestic or international b. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. c) top-down goals. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Identify important outcomes. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards On the other hand, there is some evidence that people satisfy the lower-order needs before they attempt to satisfy higher-order needs. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. e.) safety and self-actualization. c) affiliation and more. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). d) esteem. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! They build empires, and they protect them. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? true. c) Little research has been conducted. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. e) Physiological. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). c) performance is higher with easy goals d) 28 b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. d.) Motivator Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. Why is this? Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. e) group instead of individual goals. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. c. He relied on correlational methods. d) working conditions. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. c) Relatedness a) Acquired needs theory The ecological systems perspective includes all of the following except: a) it evolved from family systems theoriesb) it is considered a traditional helping approach c) it is multi-contextual d) individual and system factors must be considered in understanding a helpee's problem* (pages 158-160)17. The implications of Maslows theory for organizational behavior are as much conceptual as they are practical. Barton, Tynan. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. e. Carl Jung. Ans: e Page: 102 a) distributive justice Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: a) Acquired needs C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. The Promotion contains a game of chance . eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. To control ones human environment. ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. 35. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. The diversity of the living world is staggering. b) goal-oriented punishments. d) specific goals lead to lower performance They accept credit for success and blame for failure. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: a) work itself. Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). c) affiliation Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Subsistence When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? Again, there are no easy answers. the amount of effort a person puts forth. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards 54. The possibilities are endless. The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. 49. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals a. e) It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs 59. d) power According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. To ask or answer general questions. a) 23 http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. d) affiliation. Term. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. e) working longer hours. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____. 53. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. a) Abraham Maslow Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: insight therapies a. b. integrative. b) safety. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, it is __________. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. c) Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. Matching b. Verifiability c . A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. liaison A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? a. c. contingency. identify relevant leadership behaviors. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Definition. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. Relatively high pay is necessary to sustain performance on certain low-skill jobs. All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. e) Frederick Herzberg. b.) d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. But managers use theory every day. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: b) Social b) Alderfer's ERG theory. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4. d) valences Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. These outside the person factors are extrinsic rewards. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. When weve eaten to satiation, we are no longer motivated to eat. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. 55. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. c) affiliation E) an attitudinal trait. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. Round to the nearest cent. Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. To admire and support a superior. A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. c) hygiene factors e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. c) Safety, self-actualization, and social David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. To make an impression. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. d. goal-setting theory. d. serving as a research framework. esteem, social, and Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. e) ERG theory, 65. e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? 36. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. a) expectancies The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. a.) Match leadership to the conditions at hand. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. They look at motivation from the perspective of our needs and aspirations. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. 3. The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. b) Physiological b) perceived positive inequity e) 40, Locke and Latham goal-setting research found that __________. Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. C) an effort toward creating goals. The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. c) David McClelland In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. a) existence factors d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. Identify situational conditions. In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. Dec 12, 2022 OpenStax. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. To excite, amaze, fascinate, entertain, shock, intrigue, amuse, or entice others. One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. a.) In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. e) feeling of personal growth. Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and$142,720, respectively. d) Clayton Alderfer Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships.